[tex]\bf \bullet \textit{ stretches or shrinks horizontally by } {{ A}}\cdot {{ B}}\\\\
\bullet \textit{ flips it upside-down if }{{ A}}\textit{ is negative}\\
\left. \qquad \right. \textit{reflection over the x-axis}
\\\\
\bullet \textit{ flips it sideways if }{{ B}}\textit{ is negative}\\
\left. \qquad \right. \textit{reflection over the y-axis}[/tex]
[tex]\bf \bullet \textit{ horizontal shift by }\frac{{{ C}}}{{{ B}}}\\
\left. \qquad \right. if\ \frac{{{ C}}}{{{ B}}}\textit{ is negative, to the right}\\\\
\left. \qquad \right. if\ \frac{{{ C}}}{{{ B}}}\textit{ is positive, to the left}\\\\
\bullet \textit{ vertical shift by }{{ D}}\\
\left. \qquad \right. if\ {{ D}}\textit{ is negative, downwards}\\\\
\left. \qquad \right. if\ {{ D}}\textit{ is positive, upwards}\\\\
\bullet \textit{ period of }\frac{2\pi }{{{ B}}}[/tex]
now, that said, A and D are just transformations of it.