A physical therapist is assessing running in a patient who complains of pain on the inside of the right knee. On examination, the therapist finds right "out toeing"during the running pattern. Which of the following would be the cause of these findings?

a) adaptive shortening of the hip internal rotators
b) adaptive shortening of the ITB
c) adaptive shortening of the hip external rotators
d) adaptive shortening of quadratus lumborum